JUDGMENT

Celestina Stuel Galid J:

Introduction

[1] On 17 October 2025, this court granted the application for judicial review filed by Sabah Law Society ("SLS") under O 53 of the Rules of Court 2012 ("ROC 2012").

[2] This judgment contains this court's reasoning in coming to its decision and is divided into the following sub-topics:

(i) The proceedings at the leave stage;

(ii) Salient background facts;

(iii) What is the 40% Entitlement?;

(iv) The remedies and orders prayed for by SLS;

(v) The respective parties' cases in a nutshell;

(vi) Preliminary issues;

(vii) This Court's decision on the merits (of the application); and

(viii) Conclusion and orders.

The Proceedings At The Leave Stage

[3] SLS' leave application (to commence the judicial review) was opposed by the Federal Attorney-General with the 2nd Respondent being allowed to intervene. Leave was granted by Ismail Brahim J (later JCA) on 11 November 2022 — see Sabah Law Society v. The Government Of The Federation Of Malaysia & Anor [2023] MLRHU 2395; [2024] 7 MLJ 537; [2023] 10 CLJ 121.